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Artificial intelligence is already reshaping the job market, from crafting resumes and cover letters to automating tasks once handled by employees. Its impact isn’t just approaching—it’s already here and will only grow stronger.
At the crossroads of technological evolution, not all jobs are equally affected. The future is divided into four distinct paths: automation, where AI takes over entire tasks; augmentation, where it works alongside humans; uncertainty, where the impact remains unpredictable; and stability, where some jobs remain untouched.
With 7% of all jobs at high risk of automation, 13% likely to be augmented, and a staggering 24% falling into the unknown, the shift is inevitable. But who will thrive, who will adapt, and who will be left behind?
This article aims to explore the impact of generative AI on the future of various professions. In this study, we analyzed 138,286,610 positions in the United States. Drawing on research from the International Labour Organization, occupations classified under the International Standard Classification of Occupations were matched to the classification used by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to assess Gen AI’s potential impact on the U.S. labor market—identifying affected occupational groups, the number of workers, and their categories.
The study classifies occupations on a scale from 0 to 1, where 1 indicates a high potential for automation.
The rise of generative AI brings a new reality—millions of jobs face the risk of automation as machines take over routine tasks once handled by humans.
Our analysis shows that 7% of all jobs (9,287,160 positions) are susceptible to automation. As technology advances, roles heavily reliant on repetitive or structured tasks may shift, with AI streamlining processes and redefining job responsibilities.
Example of Jobs With High Automation Potential
| Position | Employment | Annual mean wage | Automation potential |
| Word Processors and Typists | 37,200 | $47,170 | 0.77 |
| Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks | 119,270 | $46,820 | 0.74 |
| Office and Administrative Support Workers, All Other | 172,020 | $46.620 | 0.72 |
| Customer Service Representatives | 2,858,710 | $43,520 | 0.72 |
| Tellers | 340,820 | $38,850 | 0.72 |
| Order Clerks | 91,830 | $43,530 | 0.72 |
| Correspondence Clerks | 4,650 | $46,940 | 0.72 |
| Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping | 101,440 | $48,800 | 0.71 |
| Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan | 160,550 | $42,750 | 0.71 |
| Data Entry Keyers | 154,230 | $40,130 | 0.70 |
| Receptionists and Information Clerks | 1,003,820 | $36,590 | 0.69 |
| Telemarketers | 81,580 | $36,680 | 0.69 |
| Billing and Posting Clerks | 430,220 | $47,120 | 0.69 |
| Concierges | 41,020 | $40,230 | 0.68 |
| Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks | 263,800 | $32,570 | 0.68 |
| Technical Writers | 47,970 | $86,620 | 0.68 |
| Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks | 14,290 | $50,380 | 0.66 |
| Brokerage Clerks | 48,060 | $63,130 | 0.66 |
| New Accounts Clerks | 41,180 | $44,670 | 0.66 |
| Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks | 241,650 | $49,530 | 0.66 |
| Loan Interviewers and Clerks | 203,940 | $48,660 | 0.66 |
Jobs labeled as having “automation potential” scored above 0.60 on the scale, with the highest reaching 0.77.
Most jobs at high risk of automation belong to the Office and Administrative Support field, making this category the most vulnerable. Many of its tasks can be automated, affecting 45% of workers—about 8.3 million people. Another 53% face an uncertain future, as AI could either assist them or replace their roles entirely. Only a small fraction will be minimally affected, with less than 1% benefiting from AI support and just 0.5% remaining untouched.
Other fields will also experience automation, though to a lesser extent. These include:
If you’re in a profession that can be replaced by AI automation, there’s no need to panic. You can take control of your career by updating your resume to reflect more in-demand skills or even consider changing careers.
At LiveCareer we have many resources to guide job seekers like you through every step of your professional life, as well as a professional Resume Builder that will help you match your achievements to the role.
Augmentation potential means that while some tasks can be automated, human involvement remains essential. These roles will adapt as AI takes over specific duties, but they will still require human oversight, decision-making, and expertise.
13% of all jobs, or 18,153,810 positions, will be affected by augmentation potential. A portion of the workforce will see their roles evolve rather than be replaced by AI. Workers in these positions may need to adapt by developing new skills to work alongside AI.
Example of Jobs With High Augmentation Potential
| Position | Employment | Annual mean wage | Automation potential |
| Computer Network Architects | 174,100 | $133,930 | 0.39 |
| Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers | 198,780 | $111,870 | 0.39 |
| Architects, Except Landscape and Naval | 111,170 | $100,400 | 0.39 |
| Dietitians and Nutritionists | 73,860 | $71,280 | 0.39 |
| Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School | 90070 | $70810 | 0.39 |
| Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage | 8,670 | $75,660 | 0.39 |
| Bailiffs | 15,900 | $58,460 | 0.39 |
| Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School | 12,210 | $69,020 | 0.39 |
| Judicial Law Clerks | 14,680 | $64,880 | 0.39 |
| Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers | 49,760 | $59,440 | 0.39 |
| Private Detectives and Investigators | 34,600 | $60,270 | 0.39 |
| Legal Support Workers, All Other | 43,760 | $82,960 | 0.39 |
| Career/Technical Education Teachers, Postsecondary | 111,180 | $68,300 | 0.39 |
| Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators | 293,780 | $75,770 | 0.39 |
| Paralegals and Legal Assistants | 354,890 | $66,460 | 0.39 |
| Designers, All Other | 9,880 | $75,960 | 0.38 |
| Real Estate Sales Agents | 197,720 | $69,610 | 0.38 |
| Cartographers and Photogrammetrists | 123,30 | $78,810 | 0.38 |
| Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers | 175,790 | $39,040 | 0.38 |
| Parking Attendants | 118,130 | $32,700 | 0.38 |
Positions classified with augmentation potential scored between 0.3 and 0.4.
These jobs can benefit from efficiency gains, allowing workers to focus on higher-value tasks while AI takes over repetitive duties. By offloading automatable tasks, employees can take on more strategic, creative, and human-centered responsibilities that AI cannot replicate. Unlike jobs with high automation potential, these roles are not confined to a single occupational group but instead span various fields.
Fields with a high score of augmentation potential include, e.g.:
The future of AI’s impact on some jobs is filled with uncertainty.
Some roles may be transformed as AI enhances human abilities, driving efficiency and boosting productivity. However, specific tasks within those roles could be replaced by automation, leading to potential job displacement. The outcome depends on how industries adopt and integrate AI technologies, either enhancing or displacing human labor. This results in the “unknown” category of jobs, where the impact of AI remains uncertain.
Currently, 24% of jobs in the U.S. (around 32.6 million positions) fall into this “unknown” category. This means nearly a quarter of all jobs face an unpredictable future as AI’s impact in these roles remains uncertain, leaving us to wonder whether AI will augment human work or replace significant portions of it.
Example of Jobs with High Uncertainty
| Position | Employment | Annual mean wage | Automation potential |
| Proofreaders and Copy Markers | 5,490 | $51,100 | 0.65 |
| Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants | 152,790 | $56,330 | 0.64 |
| Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing | 1,288,920 | $80,490 | 0.63 |
| Travel Agents | 58,250 | $50,040 | 0.63 |
| Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks | 157,230 | $54,690 | 0.62 |
| Editors | 95,700 | $85,110 | 0.62 |
| Medical Transcriptionists | 52,420 | $39,090 | 0.62 |
| Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants | 749,500 | $43,380 | 0.61 |
| Postal Service Clerks | 78,130 | $59,240 | 0.60 |
| Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks | 393,980 | $57,610 | 0.60 |
| Writers and Authors | 49,450 | $87,590 | 0.62 |
| Financial Clerks, All Other | 44,520 | $52,690 | 0.59 |
| Financial Examiners | 63,440 | $98,140 | 0.59 |
| Interpreters and Translators | 51,560 | $63,080 | 0.59 |
| Credit Analysts | 73,200 | $94,750 | 0.59 |
| Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks | 1,501,910 | $49,580 | 0.59 |
| Telephone Operators | 4,600 | $42,100 | 0.58 |
| Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service | 43,830 | $40,020 | 0.58 |
| Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants | 483,570 | $73,680 | 0.58 |
| Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners | 12,390 | $71,040 | 0.58 |
| Cost Estimators | 220.970 | $79,520 | 0.52 |
| File Clerks | 82,290 | $40,730 | 0.44 |
| Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers | 584,630 | $49,260 | 0.40 |
Some job sectors are more likely to fall into the “unknown” category than others. The most affected include:
Occupations where AI’s impact remains uncertain rank higher on the scale (04–0.65) than those with augmentation potential (0.3–0.4.). This means there is a greater likelihood that some of their tasks could be automated compared to jobs in the augmentation category.
Some occupations will remain largely untouched by AI, experiencing little to no impact on job security. The chances of artificial intelligence replacing human workers in these fields are minimal.
Our analysis suggests that 57% of jobs (78,263,460 positions) will remain unaffected by AI, continuing to rely on human skills, expertise, and interpersonal interactions that technology cannot easily replicate.
Example of Unaffected Jobs
| Position | Employment | Annual mean wage | Automation potential |
| Hazardous Materials Removal Workers | 49,960 | $53,430 | 0.08 |
| Manufactured Building and Mobile Home Installers | 2,910 | $39,820 | 0.08 |
| Fence Erectors | 21,470 | $46,650 | 0.08 |
| Maintenance and Repair Workers, General | 150,3150 | $49,650 | 0.09 |
| Bicycle Repairers | 13,980 | $39,360 | 0.09 |
| Grounds Maintenance Workers, All Other | 11,980 | $46,540 | 0.10 |
| Woodworkers, All Other | 7,830 | $39,520 | 0.10 |
| Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners | 6,170 | $46,250 | 0.10 |
| Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials | 28,700 | $32,340 | 0.11 |
| Pharmacy Aides | 43,830 | $38,980 | 0.12 |
| Pest Control Workers | 93,760 | $44,650 | 0.14 |
| Print Binding and Finishing Workers | 38,880 | $40,860 | 0.17 |
| Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity | 184,990 | $59,860 | 0.2 |
| Bartenders | 711,140 | $37,090 | 0.22 |
| Air Traffic Controllers | 22,310 | $136,790 | 0.3 |
| Special Education Teachers, Secondary School | 158,150 | $74,670 | 0.33 |
| Electrical Engineers | 185,430 | $117,680 | 0.33 |
| Software Developers | 165,6880 | $138,110 | 0.34 |
| Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health | 80,730 | $86,710 | 0.36 |
| Fire Inspectors and Investigators | 14,200 | $82,510 | 0.37 |
| Computer Systems Analysts | 498,810 | $110,800 | 0.37 |
| Public Relations Specialists | 275,550 | $77,720 | 0.38 |
These are just a few examples, but the list goes on. These roles typically require hands-on work, manual skills, or strong interpersonal abilities—qualities that rely on human intuition, dexterity, and emotional intelligence, leaving little room for AI intervention. Jobs in this category include:
While AI may enhance some aspects of these fields, full automation remains highly unlikely. Occupations labeled as “unknown” rate between 0.08 and 0.38 on the scale, indicating little to no likelihood of automation.
As AI continues to reshape the workforce, the future of jobs isn’t set in stone—it’s happening in real-time. While some roles remove the human element from the equation and others evolve, one truth remains: adaptability will be the defining skill of the new era. The question isn’t just about which jobs will survive but how we, as a workforce, will navigate this transformation. Will we harness AI’s power to elevate human potential, or will we let automation dictate the fate of millions?
Since these classification systems (ISCO-08 to SOC 2018) are not fully compatible, some occupations overlap across multiple categories.
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